What is the working principle of fog machine?

The working principle of a fog machine involves heating a special fluid, typically called fog fluid or fog juice, to create a dense vapor that resembles fog or smoke. Here's a breakdown of the process:

1. Fog Fluid: Fog fluid is a mixture of water and a glycol-based solution, such as propylene glycol or glycerin. This solution is specifically formulated to vaporize at the right temperature to create a thick fog when heated.

2. Heating Element: Inside the fog machine, there is a heating element, often a metal coil or a heat exchanger. When the fog machine is turned on, electricity passes through the heating element, causing it to heat up.

3. Fog Fluid Reservoir: The fog fluid is typically stored in a reservoir within the fog machine. The heating element is in close proximity to this reservoir.

4. Pump (optional): In some fog machine designs, there may be a pump that helps move the fog fluid from the reservoir to the heating element. This pump ensures a steady supply of fluid for vaporization.

5. Vaporization: As the heating element warms up, it transfers heat to the fog fluid in the reservoir. The fog fluid reaches its vaporization point and turns into a vapor or mist.

6. Output Mechanism: Once vaporized, the fog fluid is forced out of the fog machine through an output mechanism, such as a nozzle or vent. This mechanism disperses the fog into the surrounding air, creating the desired fog effect.

7. Fan (optional): Some fog machines also have a built-in fan that helps disperse the fog more evenly and over a wider area. The fan can be adjustable to control the spread and density of the fog.

By following these steps, a fog machine is able to produce a dense fog effect suitable for a variety of purposes, such as theatrical productions, haunted houses, concerts, and special events.